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中亚干旱区是全球重要的粉尘源区,是全球变化与区域响应研究的关键区域之一。中亚粉尘形成搬运沉积过程一直是全球变化研究的热点科学问题。本文选取位于伊犁盆地北部、北天山南麓不同地形和气候条件下的两处黄土剖面,对其沉积速率最高的层段进行了粒度测试分析,结合聚类分析和粒度分布曲线拟合两种方法,重建了黄土粉尘的堆积过程。伊犁盆地黄土主要由远源和近源物质组成,分别由高空西风和中尺度的区域风搬运而来。高空西风所携带的远源粘粒级矿物颗粒对盆地东部降雨较高地区有一定的贡献,而在盆地西部不容易沉降下来。中尺度区域风所搬运的近源物质组成了黄土沉积物的主体,而近源区沉积物的可用性在黄土的形成过程中扮演着重要角色。另外,非风暴过程中（沙尘暴过后）出现的浮尘在沙尘暴天气频率减少的时期对黄土的发育有重要贡献,而在沙尘暴天气频发的时期,较差的植被覆盖度能够使得已经沉降下来的浮尘组分重新被扬起至大气中。由此建立了一个粉尘堆积的概念模型。认识黄土粉尘的堆积过程对现代沙尘天气的治理和人类生存环境的改善具有重要作用。 相似文献
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Simulation of the Direct Radiative Effect of Mineral Dust and Sea Salt Aerosols in a Doubled Carbon Dioxide Climate 
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下载免费PDF全文 The authors examine the equilibrium climatic response to the direct radiative effect(DRE)of mineral dust and sea salt aerosols in a doubled-CO2climate with two-way coupling of aerosol-climate interactions.In response to the drier and windier conditions,dust emissions increase by 26%in the Sahara Desert and by 18%on the global scale relative to present day.Sea salt emissions increase in high latitudes(60°)but decrease in middle latitudes(30°–60°)of both hemispheres due to the poleward shift of westerlies,leading to a 3%decrease in global emissions.The burdens of dust and sea salt increase by 31%and 7%respectively,because reductions in rainfall over the tropical oceans increase the lifetime of particles in the warmer climate.The higher aerosol loading in the doubled-CO2climate reinforces aerosol DRE by0.2 W m 2,leading to an additional cooling of 0.1°C at the surface compared with the climatic effects of aerosols in present day.The additional cooling from changes in natural aerosols compensates for up to 15%of the regional warming induced by doubled CO2. 相似文献
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激光雷达作为一种新兴的主动遥感探测工具,被广泛应用于大气遥感、环境监测等领域。星载激光雷达由于其较广的探测范围、较高的时空分辨率、可获得连续的廓线数据等优势,已经成为全球及区域气溶胶和云特性观测研究的强有力工具。本文总结了自2006年CALIPSO卫星发射以来,中国科学家在利用其开展沙尘气溶胶及污染研究方面的工作,重点阐述了沙尘气溶胶的时空分布、远距离传输、分类识别、光学特性、沙尘释放、辐射与气候效应,以及灰霾和烟尘特性等方面的最新研究成果。对以上研究成果的梳理,有助于深入理解中国在利用星载激光雷达开展沙尘与污染研究的水平,也为未来开拓中国自主研发星载激光雷达的遥感应用领域奠定了基础。 相似文献
96.
阿拉善高原干涸湖床沉积物与华北地区沙尘暴 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
文章通过内蒙古阿拉善高原古居延泽干涸湖床沉积物、周缘活动沙丘、沙质草原地表土壤及古代弃荒土地的粒度组成分析,论述干涸湖床沉积物对沙尘天气的影响。古居延泽湖床沉积粒度分析结果表明,干涸湖床的地表湖相沉积物粒径小于10μm的颗粒占64%以上,可以在一般风暴条件下在大气中搬运几千公里,这意味着西北地区干涸湖床产生的粉尘在风暴作用下可以横扫整个东亚北部地区。中国西北地区冬、春季多西北风造成沙尘暴或扬沙天气,西部沙漠、沙地或沙质草场遭遇强风时沙尘被席卷进气流,但其中粗砂粒扬起的高度、搬运的距离有限,当风力稍稍减弱,粗颗粒砂粒沉降,而粉尘继续悬浮运移。当强风途径下一个沙区时新的沙尘加入,沙尘暴呈“接力方式”继续向东南部移动。 相似文献
97.
The Characteristics of Atmospheric Ice Nuclei Measured at Different Altitudes in the Huangshan Mountains in Southeast China简 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The concentration of ice nuclei （IN） and the relationship with aerosol particles were measured and analyzed using three 5-L mixing cloud chambers and a static diffusion cloud chamber at three altitudes in the Huangshan Mountains in Southeast China from May to September 2011.The results showed that the mean total number concentration of IN on the highest peak of the Huangshan Mountains at an activation temperature （Ta） of-20℃C was 16.6 L-1.When the supersaturation with respect to water （Sw） and with respect to ice （Si） were set to 5％,the average number concentrations of IN measured at an activation temperature of-20℃C by the static diffusion cloud chamber were 0.89 and 0.105 L-1,respectively.A comparison of the concentrations of IN at three different altitudes showed that the concentration of IN at the foot of the mountains was higher than at the peak.A further calculation of the correlation between IN and the concentrations of aerosol particles of different size ranges showed that the IN concentration was well correlated with the concentration of aerosol particles in the size range of 1.2-20 μtm.It was also found that the IN concentration varied with meteorological conditions,such as wind speed,with higher IN concentrations often observed on days with strong wind.An analysis of the backward trajectories of air masses showed that low IN concentrations were often related to air masses travelling along southwest pathways,while higher IN concentrations were usually related to those transported along northeast pathways. 相似文献
98.
Aerosols make a considerable contribution to the climate system through their radiative and cloud condensation nuclei effects, which underlines the need for understanding the origin of aerosols and their transport pathways. Seasonal distribution of mineral dust around the globe and its correlation with atmospheric circulation is investigated using satellite data, and meteorological data from ECMWF. The most important sources of dust are located in North Africa, the Middle East and Southwest Asia with an observed summer maximum, and East Asia with a spring peak. Maximum dust activity over North Africa and the Middle East in summer is attributed to dry convection associated with the summertime low-pressure system, while unstable weather and dry conditions are responsible for the spring peak in dust emission in East Asia. Intercontinental transport of mineral dust by atmospheric circulation has been observed, including trans-Atlantic transport of North African dust, trans-Pacific transport of Asian dust, and transport of dust from the Middle East across the Indian Ocean. The extent of African dust over the Atlantic Ocean and its latitudinal variation with season is related to the large-scale atmospheric circulation, including seasonal changes in the position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and variation of wind patterns. North African aerosols extend over longer distances across the North Atlantic in summer because of greater dust emission, an intensified easterly low level jet (LLJ) and strengthening of the Azores-Bermuda anticyclonic circulation. Transport of East Asian aerosol is facilitated by the existence of a LLJ that extends from East Asia to the west coast of North America. 相似文献
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